Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry - Part 1 | Class 11th

CHAPTER - 1

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Chemistry is the branch of Science that deals with the properties, structure and composition of matter. There are a large number of branches for Chemistry. Some of them are:

Inorganic Chemistry                                 Organic Chemistry

Physical Chemistry                                   Analytical Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry                                   Biochemistry

Medicinal Chemistry                                Industrial Chemistry

Hydrochemistry                                        Electrochemistry

Green Chemistry

Matter: Matter is anything that occupies space, has a definite mass and can be perceived by any of our sense organs. Based on the physical state we can divide matter into different categories.

Solid State                                               Liquid State

Gaseous State                                          Plasma State

       Bose-Einstein Condensate                       Fermionic condensate

Classification of Matter: On the basis of Matter composition it can be divided in to two categories:

Ø  Pure Substances

Ø  Mixtures

Pure substances are made up of same type of particles. E.g. sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Helium (He), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), ammonia (NH₃), cane sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) etc.

These are of two types:

Ø  Elements

Ø  Compounds

           Elements are pure substances which contain only one type of particles. These particles     may be atoms or molecules. For eg: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sodium, Potassium, Lithium, Calcium, Phosphorus etc.

        Compounds are pure substances which contain more than one type of atoms. E.g. CO₂, H₂O, NH₃, H₂SO₄ etc.

        Mixtures are made up of two or more type of particles. E.g. all types of solutions, gold ornaments, sea water, muddy water, air etc.

There are two types of mixtures:

Ø  Homogeneous Mixture

Ø Heterogeneous Mixture

     Homogeneous Mixture: Mixture with uniform distribution of particles or mixture with no visible separation boundaries of particles. For eg. all type of solutions, water in milk, ink in water, air etc.

     Heterogeneous Mixture: Mixture with no uniform distribution of particles or mixture with visible separation boundaries. For eg. Salt in water, oil in water, soil etc.