Acids, Bases and Salts Part - 2 | Class 10th

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS:

·       Reaction of Acids With Metal:

Acids react with active metals to give Salt and Hydrogen gas.

             Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

For Example:

v Hydrogen gas and Zinc Chloride formed when Zinc Metal reacts with Sulphuric acid.

Zn    +    H₂SO₄    →    ZnSO₄    +     H₂

v Hydrogen gas and Sodium Chloride formed when Sodium Metal reacts with Hydrochloric acid.

2 Na    +    2 HCl    →   2 NaCl   +    H₂

·       Reaction of Acids with Metal Carbonate:

Acids react with metal carbonates to form salt and water with the evolution of carbon dioxide gas.

Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

v Sulphuric acid gives calcium sulphate, carbon dioxide gas, calcium sulphate and water when it reacts with calcium carbonate.

             CaCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O

v Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium chloride and water with the release of carbon dioxide gas.
     Na₂CO₃(s)    +   2 HCl(aq)   →    2NaCl(aq)   +   CO₂(g)  + H₂O(l)

v Hydrochloric acid gives carbon dioxide, magnesium chloride and water when it reacts with magnesium carbonate.

             MgCO₃ + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

v Hydrochloric acid gives carbon dioxide gas, calcium chloride and water when it reacts with calcium carbonate.

                         CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

·       Reaction of Acid With Hydrogen Carbonates (Bicarbonates):

 Acids give carbon dioxide gas, respective salt and water when they react with  

 metal hydrogen carbonate.

             Acid + Metal hydrogen carbonate → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

v Sodium bicarbonate also reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and water with the release of carbon dioxide gas.

NaHCO₃(s)       +     HCl (aq) →    NaCl (aq)   +   CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

v Sulphuric acid gives sodium sulphate, carbon dioxide gas and water when it reacts with sodium bicarbonate.

             2 NaHCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2CO₂ + 2H₂O

Uses of Acids:

v Sulphuric acid (King of chemicals) is used in car battery and in the preparation of

many other compounds

v Nitric acid is used in the production of ammonium nitrate which is used as fertilizer in agriculture.

     v Hydrochloric acid is used as cleansing agent in toilet.

     v Tartaric acid is a constituent of baking powder.

     v Salt of benzoic acid (sodium benzoate) is used in food preservation.

     v Carbonic acid is used in aerated drinks.